Audio compression formats[edit]Main article: Audio coding formatNon-compression[edit]Linear Pulse Code Modulation (LPCM, generally only described as PCM) is the format for uncompressed audio in media files and it is also the standard for CD-DA; note that in computers, LPCM is usually stored in container formats such as WAV, AIFF, or AU, or as RAW audio format, although not technically necessary.FFmpegPulse-density modulation (PDM)Direct Stream Digital (DSD) is standard for Super Audio CDfoobar2000 Super Audio CD Decoder (based on MPEG-4 DST reference decoder)Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM)Lossless compression[edit]Main article: Lossless data compressionActively DevelopedMost PopularApple Lossless Audio Codec (ALAC)Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)[1]Monkey’s Audio (APE)OptimFROG (OFR)Tom’s verlustfreier Audiokompressor (TAK)WavPack (WV)True Audio (TTA)Windows Media Audio Lossless (WMAL)OtherDTS-HD Master Audio, also known as DTS++.Dolby TrueHD – Standard for DVD-Audio in Blu-Ray; Mathematically based on MLP.Meridian Lossless Packing (MLP), also known as Packed PCM (PPCM) – Standard for DVD-Audio in DVD.MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (MPEG-4 ALS)MPEG-4 Scalable Lossless Coding (MPEG-4 SLS) – Parts of it are used in HD-AACRealAudio LosslessOddballATRAC Advanced Lossless (AAL) – Extremely unpopular.Direct Stream Transfer (DST) – Only be used for Direct Stream Digital with no publicly available encoder&decoder.Original Sound Quality (OSQ) – Only be used in WaveLabDiscontinuedLossless Audio (LA)[2] – No update for 10+ years.Shorten (SHN)[3] – Officially discontinued.Lossless Predictive Audio Compression (LPAC) – Predecessor of MPEG-4 ALS.Lossless Transform Audio Compression (LTAC) – Predecessor of LPAC.MPEG-1 Audio Layer III HD (mp3HD) – Officially discontinued.RK Audio (RKAU)[4] – Officially discontinued.Lossy compression[edit]Main article: Lossy data compression § AudioGeneral[edit]Adaptive Differential (or Delta) pulse-code modulation (ADPCM, see Pulse-code modulation)Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (ATRAC, used in MiniDisc devices)FFmpeg (decoder only)aptX (aka apt-X. used in Bluetooth)Bluetooth Special Interest GroupLow Complexity Subband Coding (SBC)BlueZDolby Digital (A/52, AC3)FFmpegliba52 (decoder only)DTS Coherent Acoustics (DTS, Digital Theatre System Coherent Acoustics)FFmpegImpala FORscene audio codecITU standards:G.719G.722FFmpegG.722.1 and G.722.1 Annex Clibg722_1libsiren (part of libmsn and msn-pecan)G.722.23GPP TS 26.173 – AMR-WB speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation[5]opencore-amr (decoder)FFmpeg (decoding only)LDAC (used in bluetooth)MPEG-1 Audio and MPEG-2 Audiolayer I (MP1) (MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and non-ISO MPEG-2.5)FFmpeg (decoder only)layer II (MP2) (MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and non-ISO MPEG-2.5)FFmpegtooLame (encoding only)twoLame (encoding only)layer III (MP3) (MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and non-ISO MPEG-2.5)FFmpeg (decoding only)LAME (encoding only)Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) (MPEG-2 Part 7)FAAC, FAADFFmpegiTunesNero AAC CodecMPEG-4 AudioAdvanced Audio Coding (AAC), (MPEG-4 Part 3 subpart 4), HE-AACFAAC, FAAD2FFmpegiTunesNero AAC CodecMPEG-4 AAC reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001)Harmonic and Individual Lines and Noise (HILN, MPEG-4 Parametric Audio Coding)MPEG-4 reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001)TwinVQMPEG-4 reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001)FFmpeg (decoding only)BSAC (Bit-Sliced Arithmetic Coding)MPEG-4 reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001)MusepackFFmpeg (decoding only)OpuslibopusFFmpeg (decoding only)Perceptual audio coderQDesignFFmpeg (decoding only)Siren 7libg722_1libsiren (part of libmsn and msn-pecan)Siren 14libg722_1Siren 22TwinVQFFmpeg (decoder only)NTT TwinVQ Encoder, NTT TwinVQ PlayerVorbisaoTuVFFmpeglibvorbisTremor (decoder only)Windows Media Audio (WMA)Windows Media EncoderFFmpegVoice[edit]Main article: Speech encoding(low bit rate, optimized for speech)
Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction (ACELP)CDMA compression formats and codecsEnhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC)FFmpeg (decoder only)Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B (EVRC-B)QCELP (Qualcomm Code Excited Linear Prediction)FFmpeg (decoder only)Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV)Variable Multi Rate – WideBand (VMR-WB)CELTlibceltCode Excited Linear Prediction (CELP)Continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD)Dialogic ADPCM (VOX)International Voice Association (IVA) standards:Digital Speech Standard / Standard Play (DSS-SP)FFmpeg (decoding only)Digital Speech Standard / Quality Play (DSS-QP)U.S. Department of Defence (DoD) Federal Standard:FS-1015 (LPC-10)HawkVoice (libHVDI)FS-1016 (CELP)HawkVoice (libHVDI)ITU standards:G.711 (a-law and μ-law companding), also known as PCM of voice frequenciesFFmpeg (libavcodec)G.711.0 (G.711 LLC)G.711.1G.718G.719G.721 (superseded by G.726)G.722 (SB-ADPCM)FFmpegG.722.1G.722.2 (AMR-WB)3GPP TS 26.173 – AMR-WB speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation[5]opencore-amr (decoder)FFmpeg (decoder only)G.723 (24 and 40 kbit/s DPCM, extension to G.721, superseded by G.726)G.723.1 (MPC-MLQ or ACELP)FFmpegG.726 (ADPCM)FFmpeg (libavcodec)G.728 (LD-CELP)G.729 (CS-ACELP)FFmpeg (decoder only)G.729aG.729dFFmpeg (decoder only)G.729.1GSM compression formats and codecs:Full Rate (GSM 06.10)libgsmFFmpeg (decoder only)Half Rate (GSM 06.20)Enhanced Full Rate (GSM 06.60)Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)AMR-NB3GPP TS 26.073 – AMR speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation[6]opencore-amr (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libopencore-amrnb to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)FFmpeg (by default decoder only, but see above the compiling options to incorporate the OpenCORE lib).AMR-WB3GPP TS 26.173 – AMR-WB speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation[5]opencore-amr (decoder), from OpenCORE (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libopencore-amrwb to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)vo-amrwbenc (encoder), from VisualOn, included in Android (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libvo-amrwbenc to incorporate the VisualOn lib)FFmpeg (by default decoder only, but see above the compiling options).AMR-WB+3GPP TS 26.273 – AMR-WB+ speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementation[7]Harmonic Vector Excitation Coding (HVXC)GoogleInternet Low Bit Rate Codec (iLBC)WebRTCinternet Speech Audio Codec (iSAC)WebRTCAPCOProject 25 Phase 2 Enhanced Full-Rate (AMBE+2 4400bit/s with 2800bit/s FEC)Project 25 Phase 2 Half-Rate (AMBE+2 2450bit/s with 1150bit/s FEC)mbelib (decoder only)Project 25 Phase 1 Full Rate (IMBE 7200bit/s)mbelib (decoder only)D-STAR Digital Voice (AMBE 2400bit/s with 1200bit/s FEC)mbelib (decoder only)Mixed Excitation Linear Prediction (MELP)Nellymoser Asao CodecFFmpeg (libavcodec)PictureTel PT716, PT716plusPictureTel PT724RALCWI (Robust Advanced Low Complexity Waveform Interpolation)Relaxed Code Excited Linear Prediction (RCELP)RTAudio – used by Microsoft Live Communication ServerSpeex, patent free[8]libspeexSVOPC – used by SkypeVector Sum Excited Linear Prediction (VSELP)OpenLPC – created by Future Dynamics[9]HawkVoice (libHVDI)Voxware – used by Microsoft DirectPlayTruespeechFFmpeg (decoder only)Truespeech Triple Rate CODER (TRC)[10] – used in some pocket recorders.PDC-HR (PSI-CELP) used in ARIB RCR STD-27 (PDC)ANSI/SCTEANSI/SCTE 24-21 2006 (BroadVoice16)BroadVoice Speech Codec Open Source C CodeANSI/SCTE 24-22 2013 (iLBCv2.0)ANSI/SCTE 24-23 2007 (BroadVoice32)BroadVoice Speech Codec Open Source C CodeIETF Internet DraftIPMR Speech Codec (used by SPIRIT DSP and many others) [11]SILK (used by Skype)[12]Text compression formats[edit]BiMContinuous Media Markup Language (CMML)MPEG-4 Part 17 (e.g. 3GPP Timed Text)ttyrecVideo compression formats[edit]Main article: Video coding formatLossless video compression[edit]AlparyApple Animation (QuickTime RLE)QuickTimeFFmpegArithYuvAVIzlibLCL (VfW codec) MSZH and ZLIB [13]FFmpegAutodesk RLE (AASC)BMV Video (Discworld II BMV Video)CamStudio GZIP/LZOFFmpeg (decoder only)Dirac losslesslibdiraclibschroedingerGStreamerFFmpegDXAFFmpeg (decoder only)FastCodecFFV1[14] FFV1’s compression factor is comparable to Motion JPEG 2000, but based on quicker algorithms (allows real-time capture). Written by Michael Niedermayer and published as part of FFmpeg under to GNU LGPL.FFmpegFlashsv (flash screen video)[15]Fraps codec (FPS1) [16]H.264 losslessx264 (encoder only)FFmpeg (decoder only, uses x264 for encoding)Huffyuv Huffyuv (or HuffYUV) was written by Ben Rudiak-Gould and published under the terms of the GNU GPL as free software, meant to replace uncompressed YCbCr as a video capture format. It uses very little cpu but takes a lot of disk space. See also ffvhuff which is an “FFmpeg” only version of it.FFmpegJPEG 2000 losslesslibopenjpegLagarith A more up-to-date fork of Huffyuv is available as Lagarith[17]Lagarith Codec (VfW codec)FFmpeg (decoder only)LOCO [18]FFmpeg (decoder only)LZOMagicYUV[19]MSU Lossless Video CodecPNGCorePNGFFmpegScreenPressor[20]SheerVideoSnow losslessFFmpegTechSmith Screen Capture Codec (TSCC)[21]FFmpeg (decoder only)Ut Video [22][23]libutvideoFFmpegVMNC VMware screen codec[24]VP9 by Google [25]libvpxFFmpeg (decoder only)YULSZMBV (Zip Motion Block Video) CodecFFmpegVBLE [26]ZRLE used by VNCBlackmagic codecGrass Valley LosslessGrass Valley Codec OptionFFmpeg (decoder only)Lossy compression[edit]General[edit]Apple Intermediate CodecFFmpeg (decoder only)Bink Video, Smacker videoFFmpeglibavcodecBlackbird FORscene video codecCinepak[27]FFmpeg (decoder only)DiracSchrödingerdirac-researchFFmpeg (decoder only)Firebird [28] Original FORscene video codecH.261FFmpeg H.261 (libavcodec)MPEG-1 Part 2 (MPEG-1 Video)Cinema Craft EncoderElecard MPEG-1 Decoder/EncoderFFmpegMainConcept MPEG-1TMPGEncH.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 (MPEG-2 Video)Canopus ProCoderCinema Craft EncoderElecard MPEG-2 Video Decoder/EncoderFFmpegInterVideo Video DecoderMainConcept MPEG-2TMPGEncH.263FFmpeg H.263 (libavcodec)MPEG-4 Part 2 (MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile)3ivxDivXElecard MPEG-4 Decoder/EncoderlibavcodecHDX4Nero DigitalXvidH.264/MPEG-4 AVC or MPEG-4 Part 10 (MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding), approved for Blu-rayCoreAVCElecard AVC Decoder/EncoderMainConceptNero DigitalQuickTime H.264Sorenson AVC Pro codec, Sorenson’s new implementationx264 (encoder only)FFmpeg (decoder only)HEVCx265 (encoder only)Indeo 3[29]/4/5[30]FFmpeg (decoder only)OMS VideoOn2 Technologies TrueMotion VP3/VP4, VP5, VP6, VP7, VP8; under the name The Duck Corporation: TrueMotion S, TrueMotion 2FFmpeg (decoder only)PixletRealVideoFFmpegSnow Wavelet CodecSorenson Video,[31] Sorenson SparkFFmpegTheoraFFmpeg (decoding only)libtheoraVC-1 (SMPTE standard, subset of Windows Media Video)FFmpeg (decoder only)VP9 by GoogleWindows Media Video (WMV)WAX (Part of the Windows Media Series)FFmpegGuobiao standards (GB/T)Audio Video Standard (AVS)AVS1-P2 (GB/T 20090.2-2006)FFmpeg (decoding only)AVS1-P7 (AVS-M; under-development)AVS-S-P2 (under-development)AVS2-P2 (under-development)SVAC (GB/T 25724-2010)Intra-frame-only[edit]MJPEGFFmpegMorgan Multimedia M-JPEGPegasus PICVideo M-JPEGMainConcept M-JPEGJPEG 2000 intra frame video codeclibopenjpegFFmpegApple ProRes 422/4444FFmpegAVC-IntraFFmpegDVFFmpegSMPTE standardVC-2 SMPTE standard (a.k.a. Dirac Pro. SMPTE ST 2042)Schrödingerdirac-researchVC-3 SMPTE standard (SMPTE ST 2019)Avid DNxHDFFmpegVC-5 SMPTE standard (SMPTE ST 2073)GoPro CineFormGrass Valley HQ/HQA/HQXGrass Valley Codec OptionFFmpeg (decoder only)Realtime[edit]Hap/Hap Alpha/Hap QVIDVOX hap codecFFmpegDXV CodecResolume DXV CodecFFmpeg (decoder only)See also[edit]